Humanities & Social Sciences

This volume shows that the vulnerability and mortality of life are the starting points of its transcendence which exceeds all representability. Only by renouncing fantasies of omnipotence of a theological, philosophical and scientific nature, human beings can advance to their destiny and introduce a New Humanism enabling a bond between all that is alive and between human beings and their transcendent dimension. This includes an understanding of time that no longer follows chronological-mechanistic constraints, a non-instrumental understanding of language that finds its dimension of depth in prayer and an understanding of God in which God is inseparably related to the openness of human existence. In traversing the arising avenues of thought, the four-part volume, written by three authors but to be read as a unity, is oriented towards a philosophy of central biblical passages, Hegel‘s The Phenomenology of Spirit, Musil‘s Man Without Qualities, Hölderlin‘s poetry and Lacan´s psychoanalysis.

The link between language and thought formed a major new exploration of twentieth-century philosophy. Languages nuance our ideas and perceptions. Though from various angles, Heidegger, Derrida, Wittgenstein forged new ways of understanding the relationship between our views of the external world and our culturally and linguistically pre-determined modes of expression. Another giant in this field of exploration is the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica (1909–1987), who has so far remained generally unknown to the Western World because of the Iron Curtain. The Romanian Sentiment of Being (Sentimentul românesc al ființei), first published in Romanian in 1978, is a philosophical work at the intersection of metaphysics and philosophy of language. The title of this book may be deceptive. “Romanian” does not mean ethnically circumscribed; it does not limit ontology to nationality but rather reflects on how language can carry ontological thought. The Romanian Sentiment of Being invites the readers to meditate on the fundamental theme of being and how it is expressed in a culture in time. This being in time marks the tension between moment and eternity, captured in the fairytale ""Ageless Youth and Deathless Life"" (""Tinerețe fără batrânețe și viață fără de moarte""), which Noica interprets in detail. The translation of the story will be found in the appendix. Noica also analyzes one of the most famous poems in Romanian, Mihai Eminescu’s ""The Evening Star"" (""Luceafărul""), and readers will find its translation in the appendix.

Until today, the death of Charles VI and Maria Theresia’s ascending the throne 1740 is seen as a major turning point in Austrian history. But now is the question of whether in different “layers” and “rooms” without doubt fundamental change between 1720 and 1780 not differentiated must be seen against the background of the concept of interface (“Sattelzeit”/Reinhart Koselleck). On the basis of the space “Viennese court”, where the change of rulers in its effects most likely can be documented, attempts from the perspective of different disciplines (the so called “Hofkünste” – literature/poetry, arts, theatre/dance, music) point out continuities and discontinuities.

Introduced in the 19th century, Marco Polo’s Devisement dou monde was utilized by Chinese historians to reconstruct China’s past and Silk Road history. This paper surveys the evolution of Chinese scholarship on it over the past century through three stages: early efforts (pre-1983) focused on translations and initial verifications; the middle phase (1983–2010) addressed skepticism with rigorous historical-geographic analyses; and the current era (post-2011) integrates philology, archaeology, and multilingual sources, fostering global collaborations. The study underscores China’s shift from reliance on Western translations to critical engagement with manuscripts and calls for deeper synergy between Asian historical expertise and European textual criticism to advance Polo studies worldwide.

The aim of this paper is to verify that in economies prior to the 18th century and from the Middle Ages onwards, there was a significant increase in the application of knowledge in the goods produced and a development of both technological and organizational innovation, i.e. "useful knowledge". It is also a question of verifying the effect of cultures, institutions and power structures on the generation of knowledge, its diffusion and its technological and productive use. In conclusion, the reduction of risk and the increase of productivity were aspects linked to the "knowledge economy" also in the pre-industrial era.

Through his album Hold Me Down: Toward a Rhetoric of Feel and the liner notes that accompany it, Ben Lauren argues that rhetorical theory can help both formally and informally trained musicians compose songs. This rhetorical theory helps him to anchor his own composing strategy of relying on feel. Feel, as Lauren explains it, is where an artist reflects on their reaction to a song's melody, lyrics, and dynamics. Relying on feel as a creative-critical method of composing requires songwriters to develop habits that allow them to attend to its emergence in their writing process. To illustrate these ideas, Lauren shares his album Hold Me Down, which he wrote to process a traumatic experience from when he was a child. The album consists of 10 music tracks, 8 recorded conversations with the artists he collaborated with, and extensive liner notes that depict the collision of identities that make up personal and professional lives. By drawing on his experience as a singer and songwriter and his scholarly training, Lauren develops a rhetorical language for thinking about music that puts the abstract concept of feel in concrete form.

The before, the after, and the event that divides. In Irradiated Cities, Mariko Nagai seeks the dividing events of nuclear catastrophe in Japan, exploring the aftermath of the bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the nuclear meltdown at Fukushima. Nagai’s lyric textual fragments and stark black and white photographs act as a guide through these spaces of loss, silence, echo, devastation, and memory. And haunting each shard and each page an enduring irradiation, the deadly residue of catastrophe that leaks into our DNA. Winner of the 2015 NOS Book Contest, as selected by guest judge lê thi diem thúy.

In July 2019, the Colloquium on Violence and Religion (COV&R) held its annual conference at the University of Innsbruck dealing with the challenges of global migration. Experts from many fields gathered to discuss the problem of migration, and to elucidate it with the help of mimetic theory. However, the migration theme can be read as part of a larger challenge: how do we perceive the other – the other who migrates from a foreign land, the other who thinks and behaves differently than “we” do, or the other who transcends this world altogether, and whom the religions call “God”? Aware that imagination is a mimetic process, the contributors to this volume try to illuminate different aspects of this complex entanglement, asking whom or what we mean by “the other”: the stranger and migrant, the brother or sister, nature that envelops or defies us, the transcendent Other. The three parts of this book employ mimetic theory to analyze the imagination of the other and the challenges of migration, to illustrate the politics of migration, looking at particular problems and case studies, and to probe the imagination of the other between exclusion and adoration.

Wie kann Wissenschaft für und mit der Gesellschaft gestaltet werden? Der Bedarf und die Forderung danach werden in Gesellschaft, Politik und Wissenschaft selbst mehr denn je geäußert. Denn Forschung steht heute vor der Aufgabe, gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen nicht nur zu analysieren, sondern gemeinsam mit der Gesellschaft Lösungen zu finden, unterschiedliche Wissensformen zusammenzuführen, Innovationen kollaborativ zu gestalten und transdisziplinär auf eine nachhaltige Transformation hinzuarbeiten. Dieses Open-Access-Praxishandbuch zeigt, wie Partizipation in der Wissenschaft gelingen kann – von der theoretischen Einbettung über die konkrete Umsetzung in der Praxis bis hin zur nachhaltigen Wirkung. Es vermittelt einen anwendungsorientierten und zugleich wissenschaftlich fundierten Überblick über zentrale Diskurse und ausgewählte theoretische Grundlagen. Das Praxishandbuch stellt die vielfältigen Ansätze partizipativer Forschung – von Citizen Science über transdisziplinäre Forschung und Reallabore bis hin zu partizipativer Wissenschaftskommunikation – dar. Mit zahlreichen Praxisbeispielen, Leitfäden und Werkzeugen bietet der Band Orientierung für alle, die Forschung offen, kooperativ und gesellschaftlich relevant gestalten wollen.

In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird das Thema Stressbewältigung von Pflegekräften konzeptionell und empirisch betrachtet. Arbeitsstress nimmt für die meisten Berufsgruppen zu und ist zu einer der häufigsten Ursachen für psychische und physische Erkrankungen geworden. Lange Ausfallzeiten und Frühverrentungen können aus stressbedingten Erkrankungen resultieren. Somit wird Arbeitsstress zunehmend zu einem betrieblichen und gesellschaftlichen Problem. Insbesondere Pflegekräfte sind intensiv von Arbeitsstress betroffen und rücken daher zunehmend in das Interesse der Forschung. Neben der Entstehung und den Auswirkungen von Arbeitsstress, beschäftigt sich die Forschung auch mit dem Thema Stressbewältigung in Form von Coping und Resilienz. Unter Coping werden kognitive Prozesse und Handlungen mit dem Ziel, eine Stressreaktion zu beenden, verstanden. Resilienz bezeichnet die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber Stress. Der wissenschaftlichen Literatur mangelt es bisher an integrativen Modellen, die Coping und Resilienz gemeinsam betrachten. Somit sind die Mechanismen der Stressbewältigung bisher unzureichend erklärt. Es wird daher ein konzeptionelles Modell zur Stressbewältigung entwickelt und auf Pflegekräfte in Form einer qualitativen und einer quantitativen personenzentrierten Analyse angewandt. Die Arbeit liefert verschiedene empirische und konzeptionelle Beiträge zur Stressbewältigung von Pflegekräften im Speziellen, sowie zu Coping und Resilienz im Allgemeinen.

Die neuere Pentateuchforschung hat die Annahme einer uralten Sinaitradition ins Wanken gebracht. Florian Oepping zeichnet davon ausgehend das Verhältnis der Gottesbergüberlieferungen an einer Vielzahl von Texten im Alten Testament nach. Während die Gottesbergvorstellungen im Nordreich Israel vor allem durch das Motiv der Theophanieschilderung geprägt sind, bilden sich im Südreich Juda die Anfänge der Zionstheologie heraus. In exilischer und nachexilischer Zeit kommt es dann insbesondere in Jerusalem zur Ausgestaltung sowohl der Sinaitradition als auch der Zionstheologie. Die Verhältnisbestimmung "Vom Sinai zum Zion", wie sie im Alten Testament präsentiert wird, lässt sich auf der Basis der Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie nicht halten - vielmehr treten die beiden Gottesbergtraditionen in einen literarischen Dialog.

Wissenschaftliches Skizzieren bezeichnet die Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten während des Experimentierprozesses objektive Skizzen anzufertigen, die als Basis für Erkenntnisgewinnung dienen. Diese Handlungskompetenz ist in der Schulpraxis relevant für eine nicht-verbale Darstellung von Experimentierprozessen. Es fehlt bisher jedoch ein validiertes Kompetenzmodell. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ein Kompetenzmodell und ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung des wissenschaftlichen Skizzierens zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Es wird eine Skala zum wissenschaftlichen Skizzieren mit 9 Items entwickelt und mit N=374 Schüler:innen (7./9. Jahrgangstufe) und den Variablen Kognition, Strategiewissen beim Experimentieren, Lesefähigkeit und spezifisches Fach- und Methodenwissen validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst, dass sechs Items für ein bezüglich Testgüte valides sowie reliables Messinstrument genügen. Die externe Validierung zeigt, dass der Test zur Kompetenz des wissenschaftlichen Skizzierens erwartungsgemäß ein anderes Konstrukt erhebt als die Kognition, das Strategiewissen zum Experimentieren oder die Lesefähigkeit. Das entwickelte Messinstrument zur Erfassung des wissenschaftlichen Skizzierens ist somit für diagnostische Zwecke einsetzbar. Es kann als ein Messinstrument zur summativen Beurteilung in der Schulpraxis weiterentwickelt werden.

This text examines the ongoing convergence of marketing and media across industries and formats and offers an authoritative analysis of branded content and forms of media- marketing integration. Drawing on the findings of the three- year Branded Content Governance Project, this book outlines the expansion of mediamarketing ecologies , from marketers, agencies, and media to include platforms, creators, and advertising technology (adtech). It charts the rapid take- up of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning tools, the role of platforms, and the expansion of actor- types across the creator economy. The authors define and analyse key concepts including polycentric governance, governance- in- practice, and ethics, and map ‘problems’ and ‘mitigations’ concerning branded content practices and governance. Providing an authoritative taxonomy for branded content advertising forms and formats, this book provides a guide for students as well as useful reading for researchers and advanced scholars of advertising and marketing communications. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The Ambivalence of Power in the Twenty-First Century Economy contributes to the understanding of the ambivalent nature of power, oscillating between conflict and cooperation, public and private, global and local, formal and informal, and does so from an empirical perspective. It offers a collection of country-based cases, as well as critically assesses the existing conceptions of power from a cross-disciplinary perspective. The diverse analyses of power at the macro, meso or micro levels allow the volume to highlight the complexity of political economy in the twenty-first century. Each chapter addresses key elements of that political economy (from the ambivalence of the cases of former communist countries that do not conform with the grand narratives about democracy and markets, to the dual utility of new technologies such as face-recognition), thus providing mounting evidence for the centrality of an understanding of ambivalence in the analysis of power, especially in the modern state power-driven capitalism. Anchored in economic sociology and political economy, this volume aims to make ‘visible’ the dimensions of power embedded in economic practices. The chapters are predominantly based on post-communist practices, but this divergent experience is relevant to comparative studies of how power and economy are interrelated.

The Affective Turn has lost its former innocence and euphoria. Affect Studies and its adjacent disciplines have now to prove that they can cope with the return of the affective real that technology, economy, and politics entail. Two seemingly contradictory developments serve as starting points for this volume. First, technological innovations such as affective computing, mood tracking, sentiment analysis, and social robotics all share a focus on the recognition and modulation of human affectivity. Affect gets measured, calculated, controlled. Secondly, recent developments in politics, social media usage, and right-wing journalism have contributed to a conspicuous rise of hate speech, cybermobbing, public shaming, “felt truths,” and resentful populisms. In a very specific way, politics as well as power have become affective. Affect gets mobilized, fomented, unleashed. When the ways we deal with our affectivity get unsettled in such a dramatic fashion, we have to rethink our ethical, aesthetical, political as well as legal regimes of affect organization.