Humanities & Social Sciences

Proteins are the key decision-making workforce for practically all cellular signals. The precise equilibrium between protein translation, folding, function and timely degradation, also known as "proteostasis", determine cellular health as well as organismal maintenance and survival. Loss of cellular proteostasis is linked with physiological processes of deterioration such as aging, with conditions characterized by supraphysiological oxidative stress as well as with illness, including age-related diseases, neurodegeneration, inflammation, dystrophies and cancer. This book includes 18 chapters logically organized to allow comprehensive understanding of how maintenance of proteostasis protects cellular and organismal health, and how environmental and metabolic pressure can impair proteostasis and lead to disequilibrium and disease. Each chapter contains up-to-date information on its respective topic while some of them review the interplay of certain proteostatic mechanisms, a newly arising topic. Importantly, most chapters include tangible examples of how failure of proteostasis can underlie aging and disease. We hope that the compilation of the above topics will assist both novice and experienced researchers and students to become more familiar with the subject of proteostasis. In the long run, we hope that this book will inspire its readers and eventually promote new ideas and new research studies.

This paper presents the Milan Open Data (OD) platform as a means to provide statistics and data in the framework of “Data-Driven Milan”, a city where policy decisions are taken in an “informed and aware” way using data. Open Data are ever more important in providing citizen communities with useful information. Over the last 10 years, the municipality of Milan has developed its OD platform from an experimental portal to a fully-fledged portal with more than 1,600 datasets, implemented a Linked Open Data (LOD) system and 8 advanced data visualization projects, and produced OD policies and operating guidelines. The OD portal is based on the CKAN technology, which makes datasets available via both download and Application Programming Interfaces. It currently has about 9,000 unique visitors per month. Data are also published as tables on the statistical portal and maps on the geo-portal. A single entry point to the three portals is about to be released. The advanced visualization projects make data available as reader-friendly graphics. Depending on its topic, a project might be a storytelling of the city through key statistics, a means to communicate the administration’s achievements, or a “data democratization” operation, such as “Open bilancio”, which publishes detailed information about the municipality’s annual budget. LOD are semantically enriched and machine-readable data that help to implement data interoperability between distributed systems. The ongoing LOD automation project aims to improve the current system by minimizing manual operations in the dataset lifecycle. Three Municipal Resolutions have been issued to define OD governance: the first establishes that data are released under an Open License, to promote the digital economy; the second promotes data interoperability and quality; and the third, issued in 2021, establishes the guidelines and an operating model for OD governance, including ontology-supported data publishing.

This open access book presents technologies and methods of lightweight system design to support future low-emission aviation in achieving climate targets. It will be shown how reduction of weight and aerodynamic drag affects the energy consumption of commercial aircraft and what characterizes lightweight system design. Methods, design principles, production technologies and options for functional integration are available for more energy-efficient aircraft. Research results from the last decade are presented, which are intended to encourage the reader to further research and, above all, to implement them in future aircraft.

The Surrendered is Peruvian public intellectual José Carlos Agüero's reflections on his parents—who were executed by the state for being Shining Path militants—as well as the legacies of the Peruvian internal armed conflict and the possibility for forgiveness and reconciliation in the face of hate.

In The Made-Up State, Benjamin Hegarty contends that warias, who compose one of Indonesia's trans feminine populations, have cultivated a distinctive way of captivating the affective, material, and spatial experiences of belonging to a modern public sphere. Combining historical and ethnographic research, Hegarty traces the participation of warias in visual and bodily technologies, ranging from psychiatry and medical transsexuality to photography and feminine beauty. The concept of development deployed by the modern Indonesian state relies on naturalizing the binary of "male" and "female." As historical brokers between gender as a technological system of classifying human difference and state citizenship, warias shaped the contours of modern selfhood even while being positioned as nonconforming within it. The Made-Up State illuminates warias as part of the social and technological format of state rule, which has given rise to new possibilities for seeing and being seen as a citizen in postcolonial Indonesia.

"Refuge in a Moving World draws together more than thirty contributions written from multiple disciplines and fields of research and practice to discuss different ways of engaging with, and responding to, migration and displacement. The volume combines critical reflections on the complexities of conceptualizing processes and experiences of (forced) migration, with detailed analyses of these experiences in contemporary and historical settings around the world. Through interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies – including participatory research, poetic and spatial interventions, ethnography, theatre, discourse analysis and visual methods – the volume documents the complexities of refugees’ and migrants’ journeys. This includes a particular focus on how people inhabit and negotiate everyday life in cities, towns, camps and informal settlements across the Middle East and North Africa, Southern and Eastern Africa, and Europe. A key dynamic documented throughout the book is the multiple ways that responses to displacement are enacted by people with personal or family experiences of (forced) migration. These people appear in many roles: as researchers, writers and artists, teachers, solidarians, first responders, NGO practitioners, neighbours and/or friends. Through the application of historically and spatially sensitive, intersectional and interdisciplinary lenses, the contributors explore the ways that different people – across axes of religion, race, sexuality, gender and age – experience and respond to their own situations and to those of other people, in the context of diverse power structures and structural inequalities on the local, national and international level. Ultimately, Refuge in a Moving World argues that working collaboratively through interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies has the potential to develop nuanced understandings of processes of migration and displacement, and, in turn, to encourage more sustainable modes of responding to our moving world."

In recent decades, many members of the public have come to see processed food as a problem that needs to be solved by eating “real” food and reforming the food system. But for many food industry professionals, the problem is not processed food or the food system itself, but misperceptions and irrational fears caused by the public’s lack of scientific understanding. In her highly original book, Charlotte Biltekoff explores the role that science and scientific authority play in food industry responses to consumer concerns about what we eat and how it is made. As Biltekoff documents, industry efforts to correct public misperceptions through science-based education have consistently misunderstood the public’s concerns, which she argues are an expression of politics. This has entrenched “food scientism” in public discourse and seeded a form of antipolitics, with broad consequences. Real Food, Real Facts offers lessons that extend well beyond food choice and will appeal to readers interested in how everyday people come to accept or reject scientific authority in matters of personal health and well-being. “In this brilliant book, Charlotte Biltekoff deftly examines unexplored dimensions of the food wars and ultimately offers more nuanced thinking about science as the ultimate arbiter of fundamentally political decisions—a difficult but necessary challenge in a ‘post-truth’ world.” — Julie Guthman, author of The Problem with Solutions “This is critical reading for scholars, consumers, and food industry professionals alike.” — Anna Zeide, author of Canned “In lucid, accessible prose, Biltekoff employs the frames of Real Facts and Real Food to understand the twenty-first-century landscape of American food.” — Amy Bentley, Professor of Food Studies, New York University

It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?

effects-based operations; EBO; Pierre Bourdieu; field theory; information warfare; communism

This chapter focuses on the relationship between structural and magnetic properties of cubic spinel ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) nanoparticles (NPs). First, a brief overview of the preparation methods yielding well‐developed NPs is given. Then, key parameters of magnetic NPs representing their structural and magnetic properties are summarized with link to the relevant methods of characterization. Peculiar features of magnetism in real systems of the NPs at atomic, single‐particle, and mesoscopic level, respectively, are also discussed. Finally, the significant part of the chapter is devoted to the discussion of the structural and magnetic properties of the NPs in the context of the relevant preparation routes. Future outlooks in the field profiting from tailoring of the NP properties by doping or design of core‐shell spinel‐only particles are given.

Environment

Die Vorstellung von einer Wissenspräsupposition literarischen Verstehens, also die Annahme, dass ein textseitig begründbares Verständnis immer auch textspezifische Wissensbestände erfordert, gehört zur Alltagserfahrung bei der Vermittlung von Literatur. Literarisches Verstehen gelingt dann am besten, wenn Lernende über bestimmte Wissensbestände verfügen und dieses Wissen auf eine bestimmte Weise einsetzen können; bemerkenswert ist daher, dass die prominenten literaturdidaktischen Konzepte der letzten beiden Dekaden die Verbindung von Wissen und literarischem Lernen vielfach ausgeblendet haben. Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes wollen neue Wege in der Diskussion um das Verhältnis von Wissen und literarischem Verstehen aufzeigen, Vermittlungswege wissensbasierten Verstehens skizzieren und einen Beitrag zu einer dringend notwendigen Diskussion um entsprechende Normen des Literaturunterrichts leisten.

Glauben und Wissen sind in zeitgenössischen Diskursen stark umkämpfte Begriffe, die im Zentrum des Selbstverständnisses der Moderne stehen. Anders als in vielen aktuellen Diskussionen versucht Oliver Flügel-Martinsen nicht, Glauben und Wissen miteinander zu vermitteln, sondern zeigt, dass Leben in der Moderne bedeutet, jenseits von Glauben und Wissen leben zu lernen. Er entfaltet diese These in Auseinandersetzung mit Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche und Derrida und legt dar, dass diese die Grenzen von Glauben und Wissen hin zu einer prinzipiellen Ungewissheit überschreiten. Die Relektüre der Klassiker lässt sich so zum Entwurf einer Philosophie der Ungewissheit verdichten.

Classification is an inherent feature of all societies. The distinction between Jews and non-Jews has been a major theme of Western society for over two millennia. In the middle of the twentieth century, dire consequences were associated with being Jew ish. Even after the Shoah, the labelling of Jews as “other” continued. In this book, leading historians including Michael Brenner, Elisheva Carlebach and Michael Miller illuminate the meaning of Jewishness from pre-modern and early-modern times to the present day. Their studies offer new perspectives on constructing and experiencing Jewish identity.

Der Reihe Studien zum Südosteuropasprachatlas umfasst die Veröffentlichungen des von der DFG bis 2005 geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Kleiner Sprachatlas". Die Abhandlungen bringen vor allem die Ergebnisse von sprachwissenschaftlichen Feldforschungen, die in den genannten Balkanländern von Mitarbeitern des Forschungsprojektes durchgeführt wurden.