Humanities & Social Sciences

À ce jour, un élément central est resté largement inexploré par la recherche sur la bande dessinée: la couleur. Marie Weyrich analyse de manière systématique le rôle et l’importance de la couleur dans ce média. Son étude se compose de trois sections théoriques et d'une section analytique, toutes illustrées par de nombreux exemples. Cette approche interdisciplinaire vise à combler une lacune majeure de la recherche existante sur la bande dessinée. Elle met particulièrement l'accent sur l'élaboration et l'application d'outils analytiques pertinents permettant d'étudier les facteurs clés qui déterminent l'usage et la perception de la couleur dans la bande dessinée francophone contemporaine.

Was bedeutet es, einer Person eine praktische Fähigkeit zu attestieren? Und unter welchen Umständen sind derartige Fähigkeitszuschreibungen wahr, etwa die Behauptung, Max könne Gitarre spielen? Diese Fragen stehen im Zentrum der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Ihr Gegenstand ist die philosophisch-logische Analyse des Fähigkeitsbegriffs. Als Leitfaden dient eine Analyse normalsprachlicher Fähigkeitszuschreibungen, gemäß der Max genau dann Gitarre spielen kann, wenn er dies unter dafür angemessenen Bedingungen normalerweise erfolgreich tut. Drei in der Forschungsliteratur vorgeschlagene Systeme werden diskutiert, die zwar wertvolle Impulse für die formale Modellierung geben, als Vertreter des so genannten modalen Ansatzes aber von der Diagnose ontologischer Inadäquatheit betroffen sind: Die Entitäten, die als Fähigkeiten attribuiert werden, lassen sich nicht über Propositionen individuieren; ohne die explizite Referenz auf Handlungstypen, die eben gekonnt oder nicht gekonnt werden, bleibt Max' Fähigkeit, Gitarre zu spielen, unterbestimmt. Um diesen Einwand zu vermeiden, liegt demgemäß der hier vorgestellten Logik des Könnens ein Gegenstandsbereich zugrunde, dessen Struktur an der Ontologie von Handlungen orientiert ist.

xamined in this study. Subsequently, section 4.2 analyzes Ritter’s involvement in debates concerning the concept of value as contested in particular by Carl Schmitt. Ritter supports the critique of the value concept philosophically but does not follow the political and politico-theological implications of Schmitt. Accordingly, authors like Lübbe and Böckenförde refer to the thought of Carl Schmitt in an explicitly liberalizing way. Aside from the discussion of the philosophy of value, this requires a closer look at the concept of Political Theology as it is subject of the debate of Schmitt and Hans Blumenberg. Section 4.3 eventually concentrates on the controversies concerning the concept of religion and its philosophical importance. Functionalism and substantialism are keywords in this discussion that within the group of Ritter’s former students is particularly associated with Robert Spaemann. His reasoning concerning Lübbe’s concept of religion indicates a farther-reaching critique of Ritter’s approach and modernity in general. All these aspects show that there are different ways of answering the tasks and questions Ritter formulated concerning philosophy, either positively in adoption of or negatively in distinction to his own approach. His theoretical ambivalences led the former students of his Collegium Philosophicum to develop various methods of differentiating his positions. Section 4.4 finally resumes aforementioned aspects in reference to post-war German debates on the question of religious presuppositions of liberal-democratic politics, particularly concerning Böckenförde’s notable insight that the liberal and secular state for its own sake relies on presuppositions it cannot guarantee. *** Mit dem gewachsenen Interesse für die Geistesgeschichte Nachkriegsdeutschlands und der Bundesrepublik hat auch der Name Joachim Ritter in den letzten Jahren verstärkt Beachtung gefunden. Zwischen 1946 und 1968 lehrte er Philosophie an der Universität Münster und beeinflusste als akademischer Lehrer durch sein Collegium Philosophicum eine ganze Reihe von namhaften Hochschullehrern und Intellektuellen. Diese Studie rekonstruiert zum einen die Entwicklung dieses Kreises. Insbesondere untersucht sie, wie Joachim Ritters Philosophie, sein Verständnis der modernen Welt und seine eigene intellektuelle Entwicklung in den Nachkriegsjahren bei seinen akademischen Schülern wirksam wurden, namentlich bei Hermann Lübbe und Odo Marquard, Robert Spaemann und Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt zum anderen den religionstheoretischen und -politischen Überlegungen dieser Autoren, die sich, obwohl jeweils entscheidend von Ritter beeinflusst, doch deutlich voneinander abheben. Zur Erschließung dieser unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf Moderne und Religion im Kontext der jungen Bundesrepublik – zwischen Fortschritt und Verfall – werden Bezüge zu Autoren wie Carl Schmitt und Hans Blumenberg aufgegriffen und nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen Joachim Ritters ausgewertet. Durch ihre offenen Anschlusspunkte ebenso wie durch ihre inhaltlichen Ambivalenzen, die zudem im zeitlichen Verlauf nicht unverändert blieben, erweist sich rückblickend die Fruchtbarkeit, mit der Ritters Philosophie die Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen Gegenwart anzuregen vermochte, als sein maßgebliches Erbe. Martin Ingenfeld ist Politikwissenschaftler. Der Schwerpunkt seines Forschungsinteresses liegt im Bereich der politischen Theorie und Philosophie. Mit vorliegender Arbeit wurde er im Jahr 2015 an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München promoviert."

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the core subjects comprising mathematical curricula for engineering studies in five European countries and identifies differences between two strong traditions of teaching mathematics to engineers. The collective work of experts from a dozen universities critically examines various aspects of higher mathematical education. The two EU Tempus-IV projects – MetaMath and MathGeAr – investigate the current methodologies of mathematics education for technical and engineering disciplines. The projects aim to improve the existing mathematics curricula in Russian, Georgian and Armenian universities by introducing modern technology-enhanced learning (TEL) methods and tools, as well as by shifting the focus of engineering mathematics education from a purely theoretical tradition to a more applied paradigm. MetaMath and MathGeAr have brought together mathematics educators, TEL specialists and experts in education quality assurance form 21 organizations across six countries. The results of a comprehensive comparative analysis of the entire spectrum of mathematics courses in the EU, Russia, Georgia and Armenia has been conducted, have allowed the consortium to pinpoint and introduce several modifications to their curricula while preserving the generally strong state of university mathematics education in these countriesThe book presents the methodology, procedure and results of this analysis. This book is a valuable resource for teachers, especially those teaching mathematics, and curriculum planners for engineers, as well as for a general audience interested in scientific and technical higher education.

Formatives Assessment hat sich als effektive Methode zur Unterstützung des Lehrens und Lernens erwiesen. Allerdings werden formative Assessments in der Praxis häufig durch die Größe der Lerngruppen sowie zeitlichen Aufwand erschwert. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde mithilfe maschinellen Lernens eine automatische Auswertung von Concept Maps für ein formatives Assessment entwickelt und evaluiert. In einer ersten Studie wurde eine vorstrukturierte Concept Map zum Thema Mechanik entwickelt und von 230 Lernenden der 11. Jahrgangsstufe bearbeitet. Die Propositionen der bearbeiteten Concept Maps ( emph N = 3322) wurden anschließend von zwei menschlichen Experten anhand eines vierstufigen Bewertungsschemas bewertet. Basierend auf den Propositionen und den Bewertungen wurden mehrere Machine-Learning-Modelle zur automatischen Auswertung der Propositionen entwickelt, die eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit den menschlichen Bewertungen aufwiesen. In der Folge wurde ein Feedback-Tool entwickelt, welches Lehrkräften und Lernenden automatische Rückmeldungen bereitstellt. Die Integration des Tools in den Physikunterricht wurde in einer zweiten Studie untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Lehrkräfte die Vorteile der automatischen Auswertung erkennen, das volle Potenzial jedoch noch nicht ausschöpfen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen das Potenzial von Machine-Learning-Systemen im Bildungsbereich und heben die Notwendigkeit einer engeren Zusammenarbeit zwischen Informatik, Fachdidaktik und Lehrkräften hervor.

Academics have long stopped speaking of “peoples” and “their” languages and cultures. Yet languages and cultures are still taken as evidence of quasi-ethnic community and “identity.” Nine papers by scholars in Egyptology, general linguists, archeology, German-Romance onomastics, Hittite studies, and Turkish studies reveal the incongruities between linguistic community, ethnicity, and culture.

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg entschied sich Europa für den Liberalismus und wählte dafür eine spezifische Wirtschafts- und Sozialordnung: die Soziale Marktwirtschaft. Mathieu Dubois zeichnet den Einfluss der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und des Ordoliberalismus auf dieses Modell nach. Seine These: Im Gegensatz zum Bild eines »politischen Zwergs« erwies sich die westdeutsche Europapolitik als entscheidender Vermittler europäischer Kompromisse. Damit leistete die Bundesrepublik einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Liberalisierung des Kontinents und zur Gründung einer Wirtschafts- und Stabilitätsgemeinschaft – aber auch zu einer Währungsunion, die heute durch Zwang funktioniert.

Where and how will we do our shopping tomorrow? With the rise of digital platforms, self-service is being called into question, in the food sector as elsewhere. And yesterday's customer journey is being groped and reinvented. This book imagines four likely scenarios up to 2050. For each of them, it shows how the platforms, based on a specific customer journey, will bring out a new food offering. The products in each scenario combine distinctive modes of consumption and production. In the Personalisation scenario, customers delegate the anticipation of their desires to a platform, which offers them a personalised food stream for their well-being; the offering sees the merging of final processing and local logistics. In the Commitment scenario, empowered customers accept that a platform will control and radically change their diet for the common good; the platforms coordinate to steer the transition to a sustainable food system. In the Community scenario, customers looking for authenticity want to join short-distance platforms where genuine, strong relationships are forged between producers and consumers; the supply chains are decentralised. In the Low Price scenario, customers who have lost interest in their food use platforms to access commoditised products at very competitive prices; production becomes globalised and costs are crushed. This book is aimed at retail professionals, public authorities, researchers and students, as well as consumers and anyone interested in the market economy.

This edited volume collects together peer-reviewed papers that initially emanated from presentations at Digital Classicist seminars and conference panels. This wide-ranging volume showcases exemplary applications of digital scholarship to the ancient world and critically examines the many challenges and opportunities afforded by such research. The chapters included here demonstrate innovative approaches that drive forward the research interests of both humanists and technologists while showing that rigorous scholarship is as central to digital research as it is to mainstream classical studies. As with the earlier Digital Classicist publications, our aim is not to give a broad overview of the field of digital classics; rather, we present here a snapshot of some of the varied research of our members in order to engage with and contribute to the development of scholarship both in the fields of classical antiquity and Digital Humanities more broadly.

European Memory in Populism explores the links between memory and populism in contemporary Europe. Focusing on circulating ideas of memory, especially European memory, in contemporary populist discourses, the book also analyses populist ideas in sites and practices of remembrance that usually tend to go unnoticed. More broadly, the theoretical heart of the book reflects upon the similarities, differences, and slippages between memory, populism, nationalism, and cultural racism and the ways in which social memory contributes to give substance to various ideas of what constitutes the ‘people’ in populist discourse and beyond. Bringing together a group of political scientists, anthropologists, and cultural and memory studies scholars, the book illuminates the relationship between memory and populism from different angles and in different contexts. The contributors to the volume discuss dominant notions of European heritage that circulate in the public sphere and in political discourse, and consider how the politics of fear relates to such notions of European heritage and identity across and beyond Europe and the European Union. Ultimately, this volume will shed light on how notions of a shared European heritage and memory can be used not only to include and connect Europeans, but also to exclude some of them. Investigating the ways in which nationalist populist forces mobilize the idea of a shared, homogeneous European civilization, European Memory in Populism will be of interest to scholars and students in the fields of European studies, heritage and memory studies, migration studies, anthropology, political science and sociology. Chapters 1, 4, 6, and 10 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No-Derivatives 4.0 license.

"Employers and insurances in Switzerland have introduced new instruments to support the return to work process of sick workers. A key instrument in this regard has been the introduction of case managers in companies. But what are the consequences of these measures on the “selves” of the supported employees? The grounded theory study answers this question based on 16 interviews with employees who have successfully returned to work after serious sickness or accident. The results show that employees are reluctant to accept case management support. Establishing a sustainable relationship between case management and supported employees takes time, but eventually is successful due to a moral division of labour (Hughes) within the companies. The disability insurance is viewed as a potential danger to one’s self, because the insurance is associated with labels such as disability, dependency or fraud. In the return to work process, primary and secondary adjustments (Goffman) to organisational expectations play an essential role. Employees must demonstrate a strong will to return to work and they feel compelled to accept all adaptations made by the company in order to keep the job. However, these primary adjustments lead to cognitive dissonance among the affected individuals. Secondary adjustments, such as reduced identification with the job or the employer, allow to reduce these tensions. "

This handbook provides an innovative, comprehensive, and authoritative examination of how subnational governments, regions, and municipalities participate in and shape the field of International Relations (IR). Covering the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, institutional, and practical dimensions of paradiplomacy, it is divided into five parts. Part I focuses on paradiplomacy as a distinct field of research, its conceptual evolution, and its theoretical foundations through classical and alternative theories of IR. Part II presents methodological approaches, including comparative, quantitative, qualitative, and legal studies, as well as multi-level and polycentric governance analyses. Part III examines institutional aspects, discussing the roles of regions, cities, networks, cross-border cooperation, protodiplomacy, identity, and substates’ involvement in international organizations. Part IV explores the intersection of paradiplomacy with public policy, covering topics such as environment, climate change, migration, urban management, culture, trade, finance, economic development, security, and decentralized international cooperation. Part V provides a detailed worldwide regional analysis, with case studies from Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Offering a truly global perspective provided by experienced researchers from all over the world, this handbook will appeal to a broad audience, including scholars and students of International Relations, Urban and Regional Studies, Political Science, Public Policy, Comparative Politics, Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, Governance, and Federalism.

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. The early 2020s brought a torrent of disruptions – COVID-19, war-amplified inflation and migration blockages – that reshaped global labour in uneven and deeply unequal ways. Across the Global North and South, vulnerable workers faced deteriorating conditions, fractured livelihoods and growing distrust as chronic uncertainty was compounded by socio-economic and political shocks. Moving beyond policy-driven models focused on human and social capital, this edited collection offers a variety of novel biographical and relational approaches to studying resilience that all centre on workers’ lived experiences, histories and networks. Drawing on rich fieldwork across multiple countries, the authors show how past crises, care obligations and collective ties both enable resilience and generate new burdens. Bridging biographical research methods, social reproduction theory and development studies, this book shows that resilience is a relational process shaped by inequality, gender, migration and labour struggle.

This book examines the disruptive nature of Trump news – both the news his administration makes and the coverage of it – related to dominant paradigms and ideologies of U.S. journalism. By relying on conceptualizations of media memory and "othering" through news coverage that enhances socio-conservative positions on issues such as immigration, the book positions this moment in a time of contestation. Contributors ranging from scholars, professionals, and media critics operate in unison to analyze today’s interconnected challenges to traditional practices within media spheres posed by Trump news. The outcomes should resonate with citizens who rely on journalism for civic engagement and who are active in social change

Membrane based PoU water treatment systems are preferred due to shortcomings of other water treatment technologies. This system works without the addition of chemicals, with relatively low energy consumption, and easy and well-arranged process conductions. Hence, there is an inevitable need to understand the basic operational parameters, design and maintenance of membrane based PoU water treatment systems. The book provides insight of membrane based PoU water treatment systems (ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nano-filtration, reverse osmosis etc.) including description of physical, chemical, microbiological water contaminants and conventional methods for their removal. This book also discusses the limitations of conventional water treatment systems in fulfilling PoU water demands in developing countries and evaluates the suitability of membrane based treatment covering design, operation, maintenance and techno-economic feasibility of PoU water treatment system. The book covers issues related to water quality, water contamination, reasons for recent water quality degradation, conventional methods for water treatment –their limitations and need for PoU water treatment systems. The first chapter explains the contaminants in drinking water, sources and effects of these contaminants, and importance of removal of these contaminants. Second chapter describes various units, advantages and limitations of conventional water treatment plant in addition to various point-of-use water treatment technologies. Third chapter covers detail about ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nanofiltration and RO based PoU water treatment systems. Fourth chapter describes design criteria, and design of pre-treatment and post-treatment and multi-stage/multi-barrier systems. Modelling and simulation, process optimization, material requirement and bill of materials and more importantly fabrication aspects are included in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 includes operation and maintenance aspects including that of pre and post treatment units. Techno-economic aspects of membrane based PoU systems are elucidated in seventh chapter. The last chapter elaborates process of certification and evaluation.