Humanities & Social Sciences

In der Tätigkeit jedes forschenden Arztes treffen der Schutz des einzelnen Patienten und das Interesse des Arztes aufeinander, Erkenntnisse aus der Behandlung für künftige Patienten zu gewinnen. Es besteht ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem Schutz des einzelnen Patienten und dem Forschungsinteresse. Bei Notfallpatienten muss die unverzügliche Behandlung stets im Vordergrund stehen. Nur klinische Prüfungen an Notfallpatienten können aber den medizinischen Fortschritt bei der Behandlung solcher Patienten ermöglichen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit klinische Prüfungen an Notfallpatienten zulässig sind. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei in der für diese Prüfung zwingend notwendigen Abgrenzung zwischen individuellem Heilversuch, klinischen Prüfungen und nichtinterventionellen Prüfungen sowie zwischen eigennützigen und rein fremdnützigen Studien. Die Darstellung der Zulässigkeitsvoraussetzungen eigennütziger Studien an Notfallpatienten in allen Bereichen der Medizin erfolgt dabei anhand der jeweils einschlägigen Normen des Arzneimittelgesetzes, des Medizinproduktegesetzes, der Strahlen- und Röntgenschutzverordnung. Diese Normen werden auf ihre Vereinbarkeit mit dem Grundgesetz und mit den maßgeblichen europäischen Regelungen überprüft. Schließlich geht die vorliegende Arbeit noch auf die Frage ein, ob rein fremdnützige Studien an Notfallpatienten mit geltendem Recht de lege lata vereinbar sind bzw. de lege ferenda vereinbar sein könnten.

Political Science

Der vorliegende Band untersucht Muße-Diskurse und -Praktiken angesichts der einschneidenden Umbrüche in Russland ab 1917. Es gilt, Konzepte von Muße hinsichtlich ihrer Realisierung oder ihres systembedingten Ausbleibens in der Sowjetunion zu reflektieren. Den Anfang machen philosophische Untersuchungen zu den relevanten sozialistischen Theorien und ihrer russischen bzw. sowjetischen Rezeption sowie Analysen der Muße-Semantik in der sowjetischen Kultur. In interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Beiträgen von Forschenden aus Deutschland und Russland werden im Weiteren die Funktionen von Muße-Diskursen aus breiter kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive beleuchtet. Somit lassen sich die unterschiedlichen Manifestationen dieser ideologisch gleicherweise idealisierten wie dämonisierten Muße in künstlerischen Werken, in der konkreten gesellschaftlichen Praxis und jenen programmatischen Schriften, mit denen diese Praxis angeleitet werden sollte, präzise analysieren.

This book presents an in-depth description of information structure in Isthmus Zapotec, an Otomanguean language spoken by around 50,000 people in southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico, and represents the first book-length treatment of information structure in a Mesoamerican language. Three main observations motivate the study: Strong documentation and a relatively large and active speaker community create a unique opportunity to document information structure in Isthmus Zapotec and to study the language as it is used by speakers in everyday life; As a tonal and verb-initial language, the examination of Isthmus Zapotec represents a chance to explore the possible combinations of tone, intonation, morphology and verb-initial syntax that may occur in the coding of information structure.

The relationship between philosophy and Jewish thought has often been a matter of lively discussion. But despite its long tradition and the variety of positions that have been taken in it, the debate is far from being closed and keeps meeting new challenges. So far, research on this topic has mostly been based on historically diachronic references, analogies, or contacts among philosophers and Jewish thinkers. The contributors to this volume, however, propose another way to advance the debate: Rather than adopting a historical approach, they consider the intersections of philosophy and Jewish thought from a theoretical perspective.

In this open access book, the editors explicitly address the issue of measuring gender equality. The book introduces readers to basic concepts of gender equality, equity and equal opportunities, then discusses measuring these phenomena, the methods of constructing indicators, and reviews the main indicators that have been proposed at the international level to measure gender equality. It then sets the theoretical discussions against the findings from a Jean Monnet project financed by the European Union to highlight the importance of a regional analysis of gender equality in four main study areas: Italy, Spain, France and Germany. The results make it clear that it is necessary to move from the purely national perspective hitherto used in gender equality analyses to a regional one because differences can be highly pronounced even within the same country. This is a self-contained volume requiring limited statistical expertise for the reader and is aimed at social researchers and policymakers who wish to address gender equality from a quantitative perspective.

"Facts and processes of the contemporary world challenge different knowledge to reflect on the meaning of actions, relationships, communication of women and men, as cultural actors or decision-makers in order not to be subjected to them uncritically. A way to respond to this challenge can be working on the topic of the limit, shedding light on the contradictions it shows. The problem given by human limitation - challanged by unlimited desires - is certainly not the exclusive prerogative of our age, nor the univocal consequence of the social, cultural, techonlogical and economics developmentent. Therefore the meanings related to concept of limit allow us to address with realism the relationship between the human’s instances and the social and cultural conditions generated by contemporary scenarios where our daily life takes place. The purpose of this volume is to analyse, through the proposals of authors who work in different research fields, the meaning of the physical and symbolic limit, reflecting on existential, social and cultural experiences that can be interpreted as the consequence of a different shadows of human limits. This is a way to experience the use of concepts and semantics which allow us to analyse the processes that are responsible for the breakdown of the balance between subjectivity and context, as well as contributing to the reconciliation between scientific production and moral feeling."

Sex is made socially. That this also applies to the biological gender sex - a postulate of queer-feminist theories -, this volume can be determined by biological theories for the first time decidedly and differentiated. The natural-philosophical and biological-medical gender theories of different periods of time (antiquity, incipient modernity, present) are presented and associated with social gender orders. Heinz-Jürgen Voß differentiates the struggling positions and shows that with process-oriented approaches, many genders are conceivable in biological theories - instead of just two or three.

For most people, the terms "Acadiens", "Cadiens", and "Cajuns" are interchangeable words supposed to describe the same identities with regional variations depending on the Acadian or Louisiana context. The papers presented in this volume shed a new light on these identities by reinterpreting history, politics, language, literature, and popular culture in the light of current scholarly schemes. - Les termes "Acadiens", "Cadiens", and "Cajuns" sont interchangeables pour la plupart des gens et renvoient à une seule et même identité avec des variantes régionales dépendant du contexte acadien ou louisianais. Les essais rassemblés dans ce volume remettent en cause ce mythe en revendiquant une compréhension plus sophistiquée de l’histoire, de la politique, de la langue, de la littérature et de la culture populaire de ces minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord.

In 1912 Jung began to have a series of dreams which left him with a sense of disorientation and inner pressure but he could think of nothing in his life that would have caused this. This chapter addresses each of the entries in Liber Primus and relates them to particular high degrees of Freemasonry. The first entry, The Way of What is to Come, was written in retrospect in July 1914 and is an overview of the rest of the entries in Liber Primus. This entry acts as an introduction to the fantasies where Jung personifies two distinct driving forces behind his knowledge and experience: ‘the spirit of this time’, by which he means scientific rationalism, and ‘the spirit of the depths’. In Jung’s entry there is a heavy emphasis on the role of the child and particularly on the concept of the divine child.

This book examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered a new and challenging environment in which borders drawn around people, places, and social structures have hardened and new ones have emerged. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, borders closed or became unwelcoming at the international, national, sub-national, and local levels. Debate persists as to whether those countries and territories that tightly managed their borders, like New Zealand, Australia, or Hong Kong, got it ‘right’ compared to those that did not. Without doubt, a majority of those who suffered and died throughout the pandemic have been those from vulnerable populations. Yet on the other hand, efforts taken to manage the spread of the disease, such as through border management, have also disproportionately affected those who are most vulnerable. How then is the right balance to be struck, acknowledging, too, the economic and other imperatives that may dissuade governments from taking public health steps? This book considers how international organizations, countries, and institutions within those countries should conceive of, and manage, borders as the world continues to struggle with COVID-19 and prepares for the next pandemic. Engaging a range of international, and sub-national, examples, the book thematizes the main issues at stake in the control and management of borders in the interests of public health. This book will be of considerable interest to academics in the fields of health law, anthropology, economics, history, medicine, public health, and political science, as well as policymakers and public health planners at national and sub-national levels.

Wie hängen musikalische Schrift und Gender zusammen? Mit dieser Frage erschließt der Band ein neues Forschungsfeld. Die Beiträge gehen den geschlechtlichen Kodierungen im Diskurs über musikalische Schrift nach sowie der Vermittlung von Körper- und Geschlechterbildern etwa in bildlichen Notationsformen, in Transkriptionen afrikanischer Musik, in Schriftkulturen populärer Musik oder in der Solmisation. Dabei nehmen sie auch die soziokulturellen Bedingungen des Schreibens, also Fragen zur Teilhabe an musikalischen Schriftkulturen, in den Blick - und führen so Ansätze und Erkenntnisse der Schrift- und Genderforschung produktiv zusammen.

Didactic AVT; AVT; audiovisual translation; didactic audiovisual translation; Foreign language education; Media accessibility; Language and education; Noa Talaván; Jennifer Lertola; Alberto Fernández-Costales

Matthias Schneider untersucht vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung von Accounts für den elektronischen Rechtsverkehr, inwieweit der Accountinhaber rechtsgeschäftlich für das missbräuchliche Handeln Dritter haftet. Dazu liefert er eine Darstellung der Rechtsprechung zu ähnlich gelagerten Fällen in der Vergangenheit, um vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Rechtsprechung die Haftung für den Accountmissbrauch näher zu untersuchen und einer kritischen Würdigung zu unterziehen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der Untersuchung der beiden zur Lösung dieser Frage herangezogenen Rechtsinstitute «Handeln unter fremdem Namen» und «Anscheinsvollmacht». Als richtiger Ansatz kann letztlich die Heranziehung eines eigenständigen Rechtsscheintatbestands für den Accountmissbrauch qualifiziert werden.

This volume explores the topics of adult learning and education through the specific lens of comparative research. The book is divided into four chapters comprising two parts: an analytic essay followed by an anthology of readings from a selection of key texts intended to illustrate different perspectives, theories and/or approaches from varying perspectives in different countries. The book represents the second of a series dedicated to adult learning and education and developed within the ESRALE European project. Its companion books are: Empirical Research Methodology in Adult Learning and Education. Authors and Texts and Researches in Adult Learning and Education: the European dimension.