Education & Pedagogy

Education conceives itself as something that cannot end. Pedagogy talks of lifelong learning and teachers would never say that their work is finished just because students graduate. But education must also be planned and must therefore rely on organizations (schools, universities). On this level, education can distinguish between different school levels, between thresholds pupils have to overcome, between before and after, and can name its outcomes (qualifications and titles) -- all this depending on the given historical and social context. The contingency of its organizational forms is opposed to the universal necessity of education. The article advances the hypothesis that this contrast is 'hidden' by the idea of 'reform': the frequency and quantity of organizational changes affecting modern educational institutions has therefore the function of reconciling an endless education with the finiteness of its concrete forms.

A review of current self-study research related to teacher education policy in the United States indicates that at local, university, and state levels teacher educators are affected emotionally and professionally by policy and, in most cases, feel that policy is something done "to" teacher educators as opposed to something to which they can contribute and make a difference. In this article, we use our review as a base from which to consider how both special educators and general educators might use self-study to know one another better, to work collaboratively to affect policy, and to understand how policy affects them. We argue that teacher educators must work together across content areas in order to interrogate the implementation and impact of policy and to influence the development and implementation of policy.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of occupational socialization on the development of United States secondary physical education teachers' beliefs and actions regarding curriculum design. Participants were 10 teachers. Data were collected with six qualitative techniques and analyzed using analytic induction and constant comparison. Three groups of teachers were identified: non-teachers, conservatives, and progressives. Key influences on the teachers' beliefs and values were their orientations to teaching and coaching. These orientations had been formed during their acculturation and were untouched or reinforced by their physical education teacher education. The cultures in which they worked generally supported the non-teachers' perspectives. Practical implications of the study focused on the need for careful selection of preservice teachers, ways in which to deliver physical education teacher education, and the need for increased accountability in schools.

This study focuses on advancing the understanding of human services education in international service-learning focused study abroad programs. There is a gap in the literature pertaining to service-learning education for human services students. This study explores the integration of service-learning, reflection, and technology in human services education. Case study methodology and document review analysis are used to examine the use of ePortfolio as a reflective tool in addition to the skill development of upper-level undergraduate human services students through service learning. Seven themes arose from the findings, which suggest that international service-learning assists students in human services skill development and ePortfolio is effective as a reflective tool in human services education.

The aim of the paper was to analyze and evaluate the importance, scope, and applied forms of collaboration between higher education institutions (HEIs) operating in the Czech Republic and the nonacademic sphere. Data was obtained through questionnaire survey with competent managers of HEIs (N = 76). The study shows that the managers of the monitored HEIs consider collaboration with the nonacademic sphere to be very important. It is perceived to be more important and developed to a larger extent at the national level. Most often it is developed in the form of practical training, internships, and field trips for students. The considered forms of collaboration are developed most by HEIs and faculties with technical, natural scientific, and medical specializations.

This qualitative case study examined two pre-service teachers' learning experiences in relation to encountering modelling culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in a multicultural education course. Using Constant Comparison Approach, the researchers searched for evidence of observing aspects of modelling in the course, and described the pre-service teachers' learning experiences that occurred in relation to this observation, as well as the possible transformation they went through. The study revealed that the critical, justice-oriented teacher education course that implemented modelling CRT activities and behavior seemed to help pre-service teachers to transform and extend their conceptual knowledge of CRT, critically reflect and reconstruct prior knowledge, and connect these experiences to future teaching practice. Based on the data, a framework for modelling CRT in teacher education is delineated. Implications for teacher education are addressed.

This article explicates the interconnectivity of intercultural and multicultural education theory and practice through a new conceptual model (i.e., micro/macroaggression ecological conceptual model) focusing on the intersections of dominant norms and values, macro/microaggressions, social justice pedagogies, and sensemaking. We describe the theoretical reasoning anchoring our conceptualization suggesting the extent we fail or influence our refusal to adjust ways of understanding, which may perpetuate unintentional, oppressive ways of knowing and responding. Lastly, we explore the implications of this conceptual model to chart new pathways to disrupt contemporary forms of oppression through social justice pedagogies and sense-making in order to promote intercultural and multicultural education as frameworks or movements toward educational equity.

Globally, integrated school placements as well as inclusion as an education philosophy have emerged as influential trends in education over the past 30 years. Although used interchangeably at times, inclusion and integration are distinct. Confusion about inclusion and integration can lead to mixed messages, which oftentimes affect the education of students with disabilities in school-based physical education. The purposes of this article are twofold. First, the author will provide a brief narrative to clarify the distinction between inclusion as a "philosophy" and integration as a "placement." Second, the author will examine whether empirical data support integrated physical education placements as being inclusive. Existing literature examining the embodied perspectives of students with disabilities, as well as previously unpublished non-fiction reflections from one man with a visual impairment, are utilized to guide the conversation about whether integrated physical education settings are providing inclusive experiences.

In this article, I offer a decolonial critique of the ethical and ecological limits of mainstream sustainability efforts in higher education. In doing so, I identify colonialism as the primary cause of climate change, and the primary condition of possibility for modern higher education. I further suggest that the abiding failure to address the centrality of colonialism in both climate change and higher education is not a problem of ignorance that can be solved with more information, but rather a problem of denial that is rooted in enduring investments in the continuity of existing institutions and a modern-colonial 'habit-of-being' (Shotwell, 2016). I argue that in order to face the ethical and ecological impossibilities of making higher education institutions sustainable, we will need to set our horizons of hope beyond the promises that they offer.

With the increasing population of Chinese migrant children in China and the call for addressing educational equity and revising education goals on behalf of the whole child, research indicates that those children experience various challenges regarding their education and well-being including unequal access to education, low quality of education, discrimination, social anxiety, and depression. Thus, this article explores institutional-, school-, and family-level factors to understand how migration might create threats for Chinese migrant children. It is believed that government, community, school, and family have unintentionally formed an intertwined and complex dynamic where the development and education of migrant children is compromised. It is the authors' hope to raise awareness to the academic and practical arenas of both the educational plight and living conditions of Chinese migrant children.

Despite claims that colleges and universities are isolated from ideological preferences, sociopolitical discourse regularly shapes policies and practices of postsecondary education. This article considers how national discourse on federal aid for postsecondary education during the 1970s reflected a monumental shift in higher education policy. Specifically, we critique neoliberalism, a tenet of critical race theory (CRT), to examine key testimonies from six expert educational leaders during a 1978 hearing on the Middle Income Student Assistance Act (MISAA). The key testimonies examined in this article highlight how language shifted the focus of national discourse on federal financial aid from public to private good, and from equal opportunity for traditionally underrepresented populations to equitable education for all.

This article considers the contributions of Indigenous knowledges to educational research. It proposes the term "comparative Indigenous education research" (CIER) in an effort to promote Indigenous-centred research approaches in comparative and international Indigenous education studies. Through CIER, Indigenous peoples and communities articulate research priorities, locate sites of research that raise issues of universal and local concern, and engage community-based responses that are locally and globally relevant beyond nation-state borders. The article draws on the evolution of comparative education and proposals for research approaches that utilise underrepresented lenses, as well as manifestations of endogenous philosophies, specifically Indigenous research methodologies. Conceptual frames for considering CIER through practice are also offered, based on comparative research that crosses disciplines and borders, as well as research with Indigenous communities and researcher observations that reflect epistemological commitment to Indigenous peoples.

In this article, we present findings that examined special education teachers' perception of students' with disabilities ability, instructional needs, and difficulties for using visual representations (VRs) as a strategy to solve mathematics problems. In addition, whether these perceptions differed by instructional grade or setting currently teaching was examined. Survey data from 97 in-service teachers revealed, regardless of instructional setting or grade level taught, that they believe students with disabilities have the ability to learn about and use VRs and need to be taught to use VRs. Furthermore, the special education teachers perceived students with disabilities to have difficulty with all aspects related to using VRs in mathematical problem-solving. Implications for teacher training and development are provided.

In November 2011, a coalition of New York City (NYC) education organizers and advocacy groups launched the PS2013 campaign to place public education at the center of the 2013 mayoral race. Activists developed a complex and situated communications strategy to influence a new space of political engagement, namely mayoral elections. This article is empirically grounded in a qualitative case study of the media strategies of the two-year PS2013 campaign to transform dominant discourse market-based school reform. I document and critically examine a fluid and strategic repertoire of media technologies and tactics deployed by education activists used to communicate with corporate news media, mayoral candidates, as well as their own constituencies and allies. In this way, the paper contributes to the critical scholarship on the role of media in contemporary education organizing against neoliberal education reform.

Lebanon, a country impacted by ongoing political and economic instability, has an estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees competing for access to already fragile healthcare, education and labor sectors. Half of these refugees are children. This piece will discuss the efforts and policies Lebanon already has in place regarding the education of Syrian refugees. This will be done through the implementation of Lesley Vidovich's (2007) a policy framework which proposes an analysis of the policy context and policies' influence, an analysis of the policies as text as well as an analysis of the implementation of those policies. Such a framework has the opportunity to not only provide a holistic view of the Lebanese history and context leading to current policies surrounding the education of refugees, but it has the potential of serving as a systematic framework for other various contexts concerning education in conflict areas.