Education & Pedagogy

This reprint from "American Education" contains five articles on the future of computers in education. The first article presents the advantages of using centrally operated facilities in school districts; the advantages of offering courses in computer technology to high school students; and some of the capabilities of computers for improving instruction, such as grading, flexible scheduling, special education, and planning. The second article deals with the virtues of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and with the changes in teachers' roles which accompany the utilization of CAI. The third article details five ways to use computers in education: career guidance, systematic long range building planning, medical simulations, CAI, and paperwork organization and acceleration. The fourth article stresses the need for awareness of the capabilities of computers in education, and the fifth deals with computer-related activities which are supported by federal funds. (SM)

This revised handbook for public school adult educators focuses on recurring administrative responsibilities, problems, practices, and implications. Section I deals with aspects of the organization and administration of continuing education; the development of public support for adult education; continuing education in community schools; roles and interrelationships of continuing education institutions; the evolving role of the adult educator director; finance and budget development; the impact of legislation on adult education. Section II which emphasizes program development and operation includes: identification of needs and resources; planning a balanced curriculum; major curriculum areas and program concerns; community relations; promotion; and publicity. Section III examines the adult participant, while the questions of improvement of instruction, research, and evaluation are delegated to the last two sections. Included also are projected patterns and trends and a bibliography. (nl)

Produced at a program planning workshop for experienced adult basic education teachers, this work furnishes a teaching guide and inservice teacher training guidelines for use in the Texas Adult Education program. First, academic and other statewide program goals are enumerated. Next, concepts and objectives, subject content, student and teacher activities, textbooks, equipment and materials, and procedures are suggested for science and health instruction; increasing students' occupational and educational opportunities; teaching basic, intermediate, and upper level mathematics; adult citizenship and social skills; and development of skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Last of all, student evaluation objectives, devices, and procedures are listed for each broad subject area and level of instruction. The document includes a model of an inservice orientation program involving lectures, small group discussions, and class visitations. (ly)

A comprehensive guide is provided to journal articles, government publications, pamphlets, and books in liberal adult education and related areas during 1945-57 in the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. The 1,027 entries are categorized as follows: (1) educational philosophy and trends; (2) research and bibliography (including research reviews) on adult learning, student needs and interests, student characteristics, program planning and evaluation, research needs and methods, training of teachers of adults, and historical reviews; (3) the roles of colleges and universities; (4) adult education conducted by public schools, business and industry, labor, and specialized agencies; (5) courses and curriculums. Publications in Sections 1, 2, and 3 are abstracted or annotated; those in Sections 4 and 5 are not. Indexes to authors, titles, and subjects are included. (Compilers/ly)

Among the items of business reported from the 1965 session of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Committee for the Advancement of Adult Education are: the concept of continuing education and its consequences for the total UNESCO program; plans to replace the International Journal of Adult Education with two periodicals; a proposal to amalgamate advisory committees; and UNESCO adult educational activities since 1963 in such areas as mass media and women's education. Recommendations are also given for the support of documentation and leadership training, experimental centers integrating all levels of formal education, cooperation between the International Committee and the UNESCO Secretariat, compilation of a classified record of recommendations, and other changes. Also included are the agenda, participant roster, and a detailed supplement on problems, methodology, and suggestions for action in promoting international understanding through adult education and out-of-school youth activities. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (ly)

The community school concept is the basis for this design for education in the Litchfield Park area of Arizona. In this concept, the entire community is a laboratory for learning; the community school is a place where living and learning converge. Based upon this concept, goals of education and the characteristics of schools and programs to realize the goals are presented. Proposed educational programs covering the areas from early childhood education and adult education are developed, and an organization of the professional staff is suggested. Proposed school district structure, site and facility requirements and operating and capital costs are set forth. The relationships of the proposed educational programs to other community services are discussed and implementation of the entire study is suggested. A bibliography of books concerning planning for education is included. (FS)

The bibliography presents approximately 650 references (1955-1975) on educational programs for the severely handicapped. Citations are listed alphabetically by author's name in the following areas: behavior management, curriculum guides, medico-prosthetic aids, motor development, parent training (including aspects of parent involvement in school programs, self help and speech and language intervention), physical education, preacademic and academic skills, prevocational and vocational training, recreation, self help (including dressing, independent living and toileting), sex education, social skills and speech and language programs. References usually include author, title, source, date and pagination information. Appended are complete addresses of publishers and distributors. It is explained that the bibliography forms the basis for a computerized program retrieval library system which is expected to be in operation by Fall, 1975. (CL)

The career education curriculum guide for grades 9-12 contains activities that can be integrated with existing curricula. Career education activities are organized under the headings of goals, objectives, materials, procedures, anticipated results, and evaluation within the subject areas of art, business, consumer education, distributive education, English, foreign languages, guidance, health, home economics, humanities, industrial arts, library, mathematics, psychology, physics, chemistry, biology, social studies, and special education. The 50-page appendix contains: a letter of appreciation and career interview questions; a list of affective experiences; a feelings survey; a unit on job application; career speaker questions; a unit on knowing one's self; a job application survey; cluster exploration; suggestions for relating biology to careers; specifications for a volunteer career program; a description of the Volunteers in Action class, an alternative volunteer program; and resource center activities. (Author/NH)

The papers in this symposium reported methodology and results from the field case analysis portion of an ongoing study of federally-sponsored change agent programs being conducted by the Rand Corporation. The study is a several-year exploration of projects designed to introduce and spread innovative school practices. The study examined the following federal change agent programs: (a) Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title III, Innovative Projects; (b) Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII, Bilingual Projects; (c) Vocational Education Act, Part D, Exemplary Programs; and (d) the Right to Read Program. The research strategy produced survey data-based exploration of 293 change agent projects, followed by an intensive case analysis-based exploration of 29 projects. The symposium dealt with the methodology and results from the second fieldwork phase of the study. (JS)

There are many components to, and aspects of, Soviet education; but how does the organizational structure of the Soviet educational system favor efficiency and national power? How does the Soviet structure differ from the typical traditional U. S. model? The essay proceeds to comment on the alleged disparity between planning and implementation of Soviet education across the broad demographic and geographic spectrum, with the consequent implication for Soviet national power. It concentrates on structure and concludes that Soviet technological progress has been accelerated by the structure. The effort seems, however, to have exceeded the inherent benefits of the structure, to the detriment of both quality and quantity in educational system expansion, not to mention end products competing with advanced United States computer and other high technologies. (Author/JH)

This publication encompasses the central core of the National Science Foundation's (NSF) explicit science education activities at the undergraduate level of the Nation's education enterprise. It is an outline of the character of the Foundation's educational constituency. A table is presented showing the Carnegie Commission's Classification Scheme for Institution of Higher Education and each group is described in relation to the service rendered by NSF. A schematic view of NSF's science education activities is presented in tables, graphs, and descriptive form. Impact points discussed include research done related to undergraduate students, faculty research participation programs and faculty fellowship programs, as well as materials and instruction and discussions related to examples of major societal problems converted into sets of operational science program type problems. Types of problems to be faced and their future implications for the Education Directorate are outlined and briefly discussed. (Author/EB)

The first in the Asian series on experiments and innovations in education, this study describes the historical background generating the present Singapore education system and provides a detailed report on reform and changes introduced in the past ten years. Innovations have occurred in curriculum development where secondary education received more flexibility, a broader subject-matter base, fewer exams, and increased extra-curricular activities. An unplanned, unsystematic teacher education program was structured into a planned curriculum with behavioral objectives to develop professional competence. Innovation in the integration policy brought two languages into one common curriculum. Other areas of innovation include the development of educational technology, expansion of secondary technical training, and the development of educational research. The characteristics of change in Singapore are seen in purposefulness, connectedness, and pragmatism progressing through four stages of initiation, interpretation, implementation, and correction. (Author/DW)

This teaching guide is a collection of environmental education activities written by various educators and environmentalists. The activities are designed for use in grades K-12, each activity being identified by grade level. The guide contains over 80 activities that are listed in a short introductory guide that precedes the actual activities. The activities in the introductory guide are identified by grade level and are annotated to help the teacher identify appropriate activities for the group or situation. Activity topics such as dandelions, shadows, rain, mathematics, food chains, erosion, creative writing, and values are included in the guide. All of the activity topics include appropriate grade level for activity use, objectives, background information, a pre-activity, a field trip, a procedure or experiment, and follow-up activities. Some of the activities also contain tables, diagrams, illustrations, sample stories, or resource people. (TK)

This resource guide deals with open education at the secondary level. It concentrates on open education schools and programs in the Boston area, as its intended audience is Massachusetts Educators. The "open" concept in education is discussed, and a scale designed to measure the extent to which a given program embodies the open school philosophy is presented. Three of the more frequently discussed aspects of open education--open space school facilities, flexible modular scheduling, and "schools without walls"--are analyzed. Currently operating programs in Boston area public and private high schools are described, including both total programs involving the entire school, and alternative "school within a school" programs involving only a segment of the students and teachers in a public high school. (KC)

The report describes the process and content of a cooperative regional approach aimed at introducing environmental education into the Adult Basic Education (ABE) curriculum. Tracing the purposes, planning, development, and design of the conference, the document offers need statements developed to serve as a general guide from which to plan positive action programs at the regional, State, and local levels. Teacher education needs, community needs, participant needs and ABE program needs are listed, concluding that: (1) Followup action should be implemented through the establishment of a task force; (2) That local conditions be considered and local in-service teaching institutes planned; (3) ABE environmental education curriculum materials should be developed and distributed; and (4) Federal support should be continued. A list of conference participants and the conference agenda are appended. (MW)