Education & Pedagogy

Empirical research has identified many factors that contribute to feelings of burnout among special education teachers. Few studies, however, have examined the influence of varying responsibilities on burnout among special education teachers. The "Maslach Burnout Inventory Educator Survey" was distributed to a sample of special education teachers nationwide (n = 250). Using MANOVA, this study examined the influence of teaching assignment on the dimensions of burnout in special education teachers. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in levels of emotional exhaustion among self-contained special education teachers. Potential sources for the increased levels of emotional exhaustion are discussed and recommendations for ways to reduce high levels of burnout are presented.

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an immeasurable impact on most countries and regions globally, especially in education. The shutdown of schools and classes in most countries and regions from pandemic has greatly affected education in the fight against COVID-19. The implementation of large-scale online education has also exposed global education's status quo and psychological and social problems. Based on the review of related studies, this paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education to further think about educational reform's direction and path.

Montessori, Waldorf, and Reggio Emilia education remain three of the most popular models for alternative early childhood education. Each of these approaches has developed globally, with a rich history of supporting children's educational freedom. This narrative analysis provides a means for early childhood educators and scholars to understand the aims, philosophical and theoretical frameworks, historical development, benefits, and challenges in these models and their methods of practice. As early childhood education evolves with technology and as re-conceptualizations about early education occur, an understanding of these alternatives to traditional education models is important. While adaptive options of these models may emerge in education systems across national contexts, this review allows educators to consider their applications and cultural appropriateness in specific local and community contexts.

In the United States, issues facing immigrants are fundamentally intertwined with racial justice. Through a critical, human-rights perspective, we examine how immigrants engage with adult learning, paying particular attention to the history of immigration and policy as it frames lives often described as lived "in the shadows." Challenges facing immigrants vary by country of origin and motivation for migration, as well as reception to the United States, their White race, and immigration status. We describe educational services and opportunities in adult and higher education for immigrant learners as well as how adult education can support immigrant incorporation. We conclude by discussing the incorporation of nontraditional, critical literacies into adult education curricula to build supportive learning environments not only for immigrant, but all adult learners.

The demand of providing adequate services for students with disabilities has evolved over the years requiring districts to provide free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. As districts are held increasingly accountable for meeting these demands, the roles and responsibilities of the school principal has become greater. However, the roles and responsibilities of public school principals in the development of the individualized education plan (IEP) remain unclear. In this study, public school principals were interviewed to determine the role principals play in the IEP process and supports provided by districts to assist principals in being an effective leader in special education on their campuses. Results of the surveys are reported and implications for current practice are discussed.

Ralph Pearson's Design Workshop was a center of progressive art education in New York. However, based on the correspondence courses that he developed, he was able to reach artists and art educators across the United States. Women artists and art educators dominated his courses and went on to play an important role in spreading progressive art education ideas within their local communities. Recognition of the contributions of these Design Workshop women, as well as other women studying modern art education in similar venues, is essential in moving away from constructions of art education history that have been overly determined by a disproportionate focus on modern art education in large urban areas, and doing so will lead to a more comprehensive history that is inclusive of local communities as important spaces of experimentation.

This paper examines the connections and influences of the job market in a Brazilian higher education setting. Adopting a qualitative approach and a technical case study procedure, open and semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed through the discursive textual analysis technique. From the words of the Dean and the Chair of a business management program in a Brazilian higher education institution and the employers of some of its graduates, the authors note that the education delivered is directly influenced and fueled by actual problems and settings in the labor market. Nonetheless, the same market that welcomes these new professionals does not realize its influence and still requires certain behavioral and interpersonal skills from them.

This study explores the experiences of Punjabi (i.e., from the Punjab region in India) international undergraduate students (hereafter PS) attending Canadian higher education through a case study of a teaching university in British Columbia. The primary focus is on unpacking how PS' experiences were underlined by labor mobility, immigration policies, and the marketization of international higher education. To recruit international students, many lower-tier Canadian universities apply a business model that relies heavily on agents. The outcome is that educational considerations are not central to admission and retention processes. The findings critique the Canadian education-migration model by identifying the complicity of Canadian higher education in lower-skill immigration and the negative educational and professional outcomes for PS that result from this complicity. The study highlights PS' voices and experiences that can go overlooked in the context of market-driven higher education.

Given the instrumental value of good collaborations for societal flourishing, educating for good collaborators (viz., agents who have the motivation and ability to collaborate with others) should be one of the fundamental goals of contemporary education. Still, fostering the growth of dispositions needed for successful collaborations is not explicitly considered to be a first-rate pedagogical goal in most contemporary virtue education programs. To remedy this omission, I propose a virtue-based method for developing good collaborators through an education that involves a mixture of three complementary educational techniques: (1) collaborative problem-based learning; (2) physical education; and (3) direct teaching. Learning through collaborative problem-based learning educates students on the motivations and abilities needed to be good collaborators in epistemic pursuits, whereas physical education teaches learners how to be good collaborators in non-epistemic endeavors, whilst direct teaching ties everything together by giving learners an explicit understanding of the value of good collaborations.

Moving beyond the nominal recognition of Black lives toward a struggle for Black liberation raises several challenges, one of which is the critical role of political education. For this reason, this article explores Euromodernity's constructions and sustenance of apolitical educational arrangements that constrain political speech fundamental to a democratic education. It argues, among other things, that the primacy of capitalist logics in education forecloses salient political questions and the role of racism in sustaining the relationship between exploitative capitalism and schooling. The essay critically examines the unthinking subject as a product of miseducation, and as such, miseducation becomes fundamentally antipolitical and serves as a form of dehumanization. This means repoliticizing education for racial liberation mandates centering Black valuation in educational arrangements. In applied terms, the article offers an examination of participatory action research as an approach to the repoliticization of education.

The objective of the study was to create and validate an instrument to compile the attitudes and experiences of students towards inclusive education. A total of 544 students from the 6th year of Primary Education and 3rd year of Compulsory Secondary Education participated from 10 schools in the Basque Country (Spain) province of Bizkaia. The survey on Attitudes and Experiences of Students towards Inclusive Education (SAEIE) comes with two sub-scales: attitudes and experiences. The exploratory factor analyses showed that all of the reliability indices were acceptable. The survey demonstrated adequate reliability (alpha =0.90). It is confirmed as a valid and simple instrument for evaluating attitudes and experiences towards inclusive education by students in the last year of primary education and throughout compulsory secondary education.

The visualization concept and multimedia is commonly used in designing various learning methods in education. However, less study was conducted for Fundamental of Computer Science (FCS) subjects especially in STEM education approach. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the content of design learning module for the subject of secondary two-topic Algorithms. The study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing five experts with related educational background to validate the content of the module. The findings show positive responses from those experts regarding applied visualization and multimedia suggesting some modifications be done for teaching and learning environment in the future. In conclusion, this study conclusively improvises design learning module for FCS subject by enhancing STEM education aligned with the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.

In the wake of COVID-19, online physical education (OLPE) has become essential to the sustainability of school physical education programs. The purpose of this article is to consider factors that may be influential in efforts to deliver OLPE to students. The comprehensive school physical activity program model is used to frame a multicomponent conceptualization of OLPE and its goals and outcomes. Central to this framing is the intersectionality of school physical education, the family, and the community. This article provides a platform for physical education teacher educators and researchers to advance OLPE in its support of both the educational and public health benefits of high-quality physical education programs.

This paper reports on a qualitative study into developing a spirituality-based Islamic education framework for university students. In Indonesia, developing a spirituality-based Islamic education framework in the schooling sector has been extensively carried out. However, such a notion seems sparse in the Indonesian higher education levels. This has prompted the university to start focusing on developing students' spirituality and their roles. This framework's development was derived from interviews with Islamic education lecturers about learning patterns at the universities. It also includes observations of core and supporting learning activities. Data were garnered through a qualitative approach to enable substantial descriptive data collection to the foundation for the framework's design. The findings are reported based on the designed framework. Recommendations for holistic religious education for the young generation at the Indonesian university level are discussed.

The effect of the latest novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on higher education, specifically the transition from face-to-face sessions to online and interactive learning systems, is investigated in this study. The paper discusses the difficulties that higher education institutions face in transitioning to 'online pedagogy,' including mobility issues, technology connectivity, digital learning, and differential access to education. The key obstacles of a shift to distance learning during COVID-19, according to the findings, are technical resources and differential access to education. Though COVID-19 was challenging for students, it also served as a springboard for realistic alternatives such as artificial intelligence (AI), public-private educational collaborations, and digitalization. Universities should study policies to mitigate the detrimental effects of COVID-19, according to the findings, while maintaining a dedication to creativity and large-scale changes in practice.