Education & Pedagogy

The case of Germany is taken as an example of cyclical variation in higher education enrolment in the sciences. This article looks at the causes of this "oscillation," focusing on the cycle of the 1990s and argues that the mechanism underpinning these fluctuations is the cobweb model. This model establishes a recursive loop between trends in enrolments in a discipline and trends in the labour market associated with this discipline. The analysis highlights two conditions that are required for the model to apply: the elasticity of higher education capacity and the segmentation of the labour market. (Contains 4 graphs, 1 table, and 7 footnotes.)

This study investigated the effect of the disability labels learning disabilities (LD) and emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) on public school general education and special education teachers' willingness to refer students to gifted programs. Results indicated that teachers were significantly influenced by the LD and EBD labels when making referrals to gifted programs. Both groups of teachers were much less willing to refer students with disability labels to gifted programs than identically described students with no disability label. Additionally, when compared to general education teachers, special education teachers were less likely to refer a gifted student, with or without disabilities, to a gifted program.

We examined how much Korean high school education helps students to build up the competencies needed for their college education and the world of work. We surveyed 227 high school graduates. They particularly emphasized communication skills, a cooperative attitude, computer skills, making friends and maintaining friendships, adaptability, self-directed learning and creative problem solving skills for their future life. However, they think high school education generally does not help students to build up the needed skills. In fact, they want more extracurricular activities, laboratory classes, practical training, career guidance, and diverse pedagogies than are currently given.

Business school deans at institutions accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business were surveyed on distance education programs offered at their respective schools. This study examined sixteen characteristics of the distance education programs: the number of offerings, the question of not offering distance education, future plans, degree level of programs, number of years offered, number of graduates, length of programs, public or private institutions, grant funding, faculty qualifications and student-faculty ratio, method of delivery, use of a librarian, geographic areas served, tuition rates, financial aid, and the successful aspects. The results of this study may be used to make decisions in planning new distance education programs and the enhancement of existing programs.

We explore the relationship between the signalling role of education and direct screening measures adopted by employers using a matched employee-employer data set drawn from the 1998 "Workplace Employee Relations Survey" for Great Britain. We identify which firms use personality/attitude and/or performance/competency tests during the hiring process and, by combining this and other firm level information with employee level characteristics, investigate whether such tests affect the signalling role of education. Our results suggest that hiring tests inhibit the signalling role of education, and that a failure to control for such tests may bias estimates of the returns to education.

The Education for All initiative is one of the best known and most widely referenced policies in the development field. This paper investigates the extent to which the most recent EFA conference in Dakar (2000) addresses the complex issue of women and higher education. Two questions guide this inquiry. First, what are the basic concepts and definitions used in a feminist policy analysis? Second, to what extent, and in what ways is the topic of higher education and women referenced in the document (Dakar Framework for Action, 2000). Employing content analysis, this paper reveals the EFA policy's minimal attention to tertiary education for women throughout the world. (Contains 12 footnotes, 6 figures, and 2 tables.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which National Standards in Personal Finance for Business Education correlate with National Standards in Personal Finance Education. A content analysis revealed that the National Standards in Personal Finance for Business Education, established by the National Business Education Association (NBEA), are well aligned with the National Standards in Personal Finance Education created by the Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy. Jump$tart's money management standard correlated with seven of the eight NBEA standards, the highest of any of the Jump$tart standards. Two Jump$tart standards, income and spending and credit, did not align well with any of the NBEA personal finance standards. (Contains 3 tables and 30 footnotes.)

Traditionally, concepts such as art appreciation, student-centered learning, and holistic wellness have often been at odds with educational priorities on selected school subjects and teacher-centered learning. Education reform around the world has triggered shifts from traditional to innovative practices in education. This article addresses the link between society and dance education, and how each may act as an agent of change on the other. Keeping in mind that there may be positive and negative aspects in both tradition and innovation, key concepts in dance education teacher-training programs are examined. Finally, recommendations to honor students' artistic achievements and maximize dance appreciation for life are offered. (Contains 4 figures.)

This article discusses the new era of the Religious Education Association (REA) and how it may be seen to function as a "movement" with purposes, scope, and connectivity that bring together diverse groups. The author contends that religious education as a movement needs: (1) Research that describes patterns and uniquenesses in the religious education landscape in order to provide a contrasting background to the work of particular individuals, contexts, and guilds; (2) Research on resources, processes, and practices that makes possible productive connections and dialogue between those engaged in religious education in different settings and different ways; (3) Research that describes competency in religious education, particularly educational leadership; and (4) Research that describes the ecology of institutions and groups participating in equipping persons for leadership of religious education. (Contains 1 footnote.)

This paper puts forth a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to estimating higher education institutions' per-student education costs (PSCs) in an effort to redress a number of methodological problems endemic to such estimations, particularly the allocation of shared expenditures between education and other institutional activities. An example is given using data for a sample of higher education institutions in The Netherlands and the results are compared with PSC estimates generated by a more traditional approach. Although several methodological concerns still persist, the use of DEA is argued to increase the likelihood of producing more realistic cost estimates for individual institutions. (Contains 13 notes and 2 tables.)

This study investigated perceptions of teaching by four-year college pre-service teachers (N=20) before and after participation in a semester long practicum in elementary physical education classes. A survey consisting of 13 open-ended questions was prepared and administered to male (n = 11) and female (n = 9) pre-service teachers. Qualitative data analyses were used to interpret pre- and post-practicum survey responses. A qualitative, thematic content analysis was performed on transcribed interviews to identify relative themes supporting each open-ended question. Findings suggest a comprehensive teaching perspective by those educators preparing four-year college pre-service physical education teachers, particularly focusing on classroom. (Contains 2 tables.)

We discuss why Christian higher education is marginalized by way of Charles Taylor's claims that a modern secular conception of selfhood presumes a buffered (isolated, atomized) mind disengaged and disidentified from broader community and experientially transcendent sources of meaning. We show how community-engaged education combined with community-based research in the context of Christian education reorients students and enables them to encounter the Other, which challenges buffered and disengaged selfhood. The paper then presents the links between this approach to Christian education and historic theological themes that help Christian education realize a Christian social imaginary that contributes to the social good.

The paper adds to the literature on vocational education and training by developing an account of the role played by technicians, and vocational education and training, in innovation. It also fills a gap in the innovation systems literature by analysing the neglected role of technicians and providers of vocational education and training in innovation. It outlines technicians' contribution to innovation, sets out a theoretical framework for analysing the role of providers of vocational education and training in the innovation system, and discusses what 'system failure' involves in this context, as well as possible policy responses, using England as a case study.

Australian Indigenous education policies are formed in settler colonial systems that are structured by institutional racism. Gumbaynggirr academic Lilly Brown (2019) argues that Australian 'education was incorporated into Indigenous policy as a justification for dispossession' (p. 67) throughout the 20th century. In recent times, First Nations academics have questioned whether much has changed (Bodkin-Andrews et al., 2021; Brown, 2019; Rose, 2019). This extract examines an Indigenous education policy that operates within the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). This policy is called the NSW Aboriginal Education Policy. I point out that whilst consultation with Indigenous communities is a positive feature of this policy, more is needed structurally to support the success of Indigenous students.

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI, such as ChatGPT) is a mechanism in which a person inputs a prompt and the tool outputs an original response. Current physical educators in the field and physical education teacher education students are starting to use this technology to create and enhance lesson plans. This article provides an overview of the benefits of using GAI in lesson planning and a generic checklist for designing PE lessons so that individuals can critique information gathered from GAI. This checklist should be considered as a starting point for physical education teachers and can be adapted to their needs. Practical suggestion for successful prompt writing is also provided.