Economics & Development

Cambodia has made significant progress in expanding access to health services and improving health outcomes over the past two decades. Life expectancy has risen, and maternal and child mortality has declined sharply. However, the health system faces persistent challenges in service quality, equity, and readiness, especially as the country moves toward universal health coverage (UHC). The current study provides a comprehensive assessment of health service delivery across public and private sectors, highlighting gaps in infrastructure, human resources, medicine, financing, and patient experience. This mixed-method study combined quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Data were collected from 288 health facilities (public and private) across 11 provinces (representing five regions), including health centers (HCs), referral hospitals (RHs), polyclinics, and clinics. The survey was nationally representative for the HC and RH level of the public sector but was not for the private sector. Respondents included facility administrators, health care providers, patients, and government staff. The study assessed facility characteristics, service availability, infrastructure, staffing, financing, and user experience. In total, over 1,300 structured interviews were conducted, supplemented by in-depth interviews (IDIs) with provincial and district health officials, providers, and patients.

The document presents four outcomes measured by eleven World Bank Group (WBG) scorecard indicators: outcome 1: increased access to secure, affordable, and clean energy; outcome 2: better skilled and healthy workforce; outcome 3: private investments for more and better jobs; and outcome 4: cross-cutting outcome: building resilience to shocks.

This document relates to the IFC Project Number 49509.