Economics & Development

High aggregate levels of wildlife consumption in Central African cities may be depleting wildlife populations. This study explores the impacts of demand and supply-side interventions on wild meat consumption through two randomized control trials in restaurants in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a demand-side experiment and a supply-side experiment. In the demand-side experiment, 544 subjects were given a coupon to their restaurant of choice and randomly assigned to view either a treatment video discouraging wild meat consumption or a control video unrelated to wild meat. Treatment group subjects are 31% less likely to order wild meat than control group subjects, though this difference is not statistically significant and may be affected by social desirability bias. In the supply-side experiment, the research question is whether randomly reducing the price of Moambe Chicken, a potential alternative to wild meat, affects restaurants' total wild meat sales. The elasticity estimate indicates that a 1% reduction in the price of Moambe Chicken reduces total wild meat sales by 0.91%. Although this relationship is not statistically significant, it suggests that interventions increasing the availability and affordability of alternatives to wild meat may reduce wild meat consumption. The experiments advance previous wild meat research by utilizing actual consumption data rather than self-reported data, assessing social desirability bias, and pre-registering all statistical specifications to enhance research integrity. This paper provides preliminary evidence that both wild meat demand reduction through social marketing campaigns and supply expansion via affordable alternatives could contribute to effective wildlife conservation in Central Africa.

This paper studies how windfalls from agriculture influence demand for electrification in a developing country. Leveraging two decades of administrative data on the universe of electricity grid customers in Rwanda, and plausibly exogenous variations in international coffee prices, we document two key findings: (I) Historical coffee price booms explain about 4% of the increase in electrification rates in Rwanda. (II) Coffee price shocks are also associated with an increase in electricity consumption by connected households. Relaxing liquidity constraints associated with upfront payment of connection fees and increased demand for electrical appliances are likely mechanisms.

Workers have the right to take up any job offer in their country of citizenship but not to rent out that right. This paper shows that relaxing this restriction using a two-sided competitive market in work permits can provide a basic income guarantee for workers in migration-destination countries, financed by selling temporary work permits to migrant workers. Regulating the market by imposing a tax on work permits narrows the set of beneficiaries, the income of which can further be complemented with the revenues from such tax. Substantial gains in the destination countries’ gross domestic product can be expected, alongside the first-order gains to migrant workers who would not otherwise have access to the labor markets in destination countries. The paper provides a quantitative illustration by simulating a fictitious market for work permits between Mexico and the United States.