Predicting Shield Machine Penetration Rate Using the CTCM-DELM Algorithm
Da Yuan, Dong Huang, Yu Lei, Minhao Wang et al. • Applied Sciences
(2026)
The penetration rate (PR) is a critical indicator affecting the safety and cost of shield tunnel construction. However, due to the complexity of geological conditions and the nonlinear nature of tunneling parameters, traditional prediction ...
DOAJ
Open Access (DOAJ)
DOI:
10.3390/app16115549