Effect of fire-source location on flame behavior and temperature distribution in subway carriages with multiple lateral openings
Xinyu Wang, Guoqing Zhu, Xuyao Qi, Guowei Zhang et al. • Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
(2026)
Urban rail transit has been widely adopted to alleviate surface traffic congestion. However, subway fire safety remains a critical concern because of the confined carriage space, high occupant density, and complex ventilation conditions. Mo...
DOAJ
Open Access (DOAJ)
DOI:
10.1016/j.csite.2026.108501