Academic Articles & Research Papers

Approaches, challenges, and recommendations for clinical practice in gestational syphilis: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective to map the scientific evidence on the approach to gestational syphilis, the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women, and the challenges related to its management and follow-up. Method scoping review carried out in Oc...

Highly efficient photonic PCR system based on plasmonic heating of gold nanofilms

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard molecular method that has the potential to solve the need for accurate, viable, and immediate infectious pathogen detection at point-of-care (POC) centers in different fields such as pathoge...

Toward a Fit-for-purpose Policy Architecture on Long-term Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impasse and a Research Agenda to Overcome it

Context: Perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have featured little in the expanding global debate on long-term care (LTC) policy thus far – despite SSA countries’ embrace of global commitments on the development of equitable and susta...

Understanding patient perspectives on digital therapeutics and its platform for insomnia: insights from focused group interviews

Abstract Background Digital therapeutics (DTx) is a treatment option that uses computer software to provide evidence-based interventions for medical disorders. DTx platforms are digital services that facilitate interactions among stakeholde...

Artificial intelligence in clinical medicine: a state-of-the-art overview of systematic reviews with methodological recommendations for improved reporting

Medicine has become increasingly receptive to the use of artificial intelligence (AI). This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) aims to categorise current evidence about it and identify the current methodological state of the art in the fi...

Classifying Characteristics of Opioid Use Disorder From Hospital Discharge Summaries Using Natural Language Processing

BackgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD) is underdiagnosed in health system settings, limiting research on OUD using electronic health records (EHRs). Medical encounter notes can enrich structured EHR data with documented signs and symptoms of O...

Natural language processing in an operational clinical information system

Abstract This paper describes a natural language text extraction system, called MEDLEE, that has been applied to the medical domain. The system extracts, structures, and encodes clinical information from textual patient reports. It was inte...

Natural Language Processing in Health Care and Biomedicine

Sequence Decision Transformer for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control

Urban traffic congestion poses significant economic and environmental challenges worldwide. To mitigate these issues, Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) has emerged as a promising solution. Recent advancements in deep reinforcement lear...

Quantifying Gender Bias in Large Language Models Using Information-Theoretic and Statistical Analysis

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing across diverse domains, yet they also raise critical fairness and ethical concerns, particularly regarding gender bias. In this study, we conduct a systematic, mat...

Design and formative usability evaluation of a prototype integrated digital health platform for chronic care support.

Postnatal maternal care normalizes the medial preoptic area DNA methylome following prenatal bisphenol exposure.

AI-generated draft replies to patient messages: exploring effects of implementation

IntroductionThe integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has the potential to reduce administrative burden. Validating these tools in real-world clinical settings is essential for responsible implement...

A systematic review of natural language processing applied to radiology reports

BACKGROUND: Natural language processing (NLP) has a significant role in advancing healthcare and has been found to be key in extracting structured information from radiology reports. Understanding recent developments in NLP application to r...

Semantic Alignment in Disciplinary Tutoring System: Leveraging Sentence Transformer Technology

In this work, we present a disciplinary e-tutoring system that integrates ONTO-TDM, an ontology designed for teaching domain modeling, with advanced transformer technology. Our primary objective is to enhance semantic similarity tasks withi...

Developing Clinical Risk Prediction Models for Worsening Heart Failure Events and Death by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Background There is a need to develop electronic health record–based predictive models for worsening heart failure (WHF) events across clinical settings and across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods and Resul...

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN HEALTHCARE

Natural language processing (NLP) refers to the process of using of computer algorithms to identify key elements in everyday language and extract meaning from unstructured spoken or written communication. Healthcare is the biggest user of t...

Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing in Mental Health: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Machine learning systems are part of the field of artificial intelligence that automatically learn models from data to make better decisions. Natural language processing (NLP), by using corpora and learning approaches, provides ...

Mapping inequities in global vaccine sentiment research

Introduction Negative public sentiment towards vaccination (PSV) poses significant challenges to the effectiveness of immunisation programmes, with dramatic effects on morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases. Yet, health re...

Natural language processing applied to mental illness detection: a narrative review

Mental illness is highly prevalent nowadays, constituting a major cause of distress in people's life with impact on society's health and well-being. Mental illness is a complex multi-factorial disease associated with individual risk factors...