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Large language model bias auditing for periodontal diagnosis using an ambiguity-probe methodology: a pilot study

Teerachate Nantakeeratipat • Frontiers in Digital Health (2026)

BackgroundLarge Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare holds immense promise yet carries the risk of perpetuating social biases. While artificial intelligence (AI) fairness is a growing concern, a gap exists in understanding how these models ...

DOAJ Open Access (DOAJ) DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1687820