Academic Articles & Research Papers

A cluster randomised school-based lifestyle intervention programme for the prevention of childhood obesity and related early cardiovascular disease (JuvenTUM 3)

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is not only associated with adult obesity but also with increased risk of adult onset of type 2 diabetes and subsequent coronary heart disease. The potential effects of school-based health intervention ...

DAF-UNet: Deformable U-Net with Atrous-Convolution Feature Pyramid for Retinal Vessel Segmentation

Segmentation of retinal vessels from fundus images is critical for diagnosing diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. However, the inherent challenges posed by the complex geometries of vessels and the highly imbalanced distribution of ...

Melanopsin and Cone Photoreceptor Inputs to the Afferent Pupil Light Response

Background: Retinal photoreceptors provide the main stage in the mammalian eye for regulating the retinal illumination through changes in pupil diameter, with a small population of melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ...

Changes in the nonlinear and viscoelastic mechanical properties of the rat lamina cribrosa under chronic high intraocular pressure

IntroductionThe lamina cribrosa (LC) in the optic nerve head is the initial site of glaucomatous optic nerve injury. Under high intraocular pressure (IOP), the deformation of the LC compresses the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons passing t...

Early Retinal Microvascular Alterations in Young Type 1 Diabetic Patients without Clinical Retinopathy

The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify preclinical changes with the help of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) within the retinal microcirculation of young type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients without clinical signs of...

Multi-label classification of fundus images based on graph convolutional network

Abstract Background Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common and serious microvascular complication in the diabetic population. Using computer-aided diagnosis from the fundus images has become a method of detecting retinal diseases, but...

A Review of Age-related Macular Degeneration and Current Concepts in Management

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent and progressive retinal disease that affects a substantial number of elderly individuals worldwide. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the current concepts in the manag...

Necroptosis and Neuroinflammation in Retinal Degeneration

Necroptosis mediates the chronic inflammatory phenotype in neurodegeneration. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) plays a pivotal role in the induction of necroptosis in various cell types, including microglia, and it is implicated i...

Merging organoid and organ-on-a-chip technology to generate complex multi-layer tissue models in a human retina-on-a-chip platform

The devastating effects and incurable nature of hereditary and sporadic retinal diseases such as Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa urgently require the development of new therapeutic strategies. Add...

Factors affecting final functional outcomes in open‐globe injuries and use of ocular trauma score as a predictive tool in Nepalese population

Abstract Background Open globe injury (OGI) is one of the most devastating form of ocular trauma. The aim of the study is to identify the epidemiology and predict visual outcomes in traumatic open globe injuries using ocular trauma score (O...

Multi-channel transorbital electrical stimulation for effective stimulation of posterior retina

Abstract Transorbital electrical stimulation (tES) has been studied as a new noninvasive method for treating intractable eye diseases by delivering weak electrical current to the eye through a pair of electrodes attached to the skin around ...

Fundus imaging based quantum computing: Grading of severity of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes that can result in irreversible vision loss if not detected early. Manual ophthalmologic screening is time-consuming and subject to subjectivity, underscoring the need for accura...

Neural Network for Pattern Recognition

As famously quoted by Margaret Heffernan: - “A great deal of creativity is about pattern recognition, and what you need to discern patterns is tons of data. Your mind collects that data by taking note of random details and anomalies easily ...

Advances in Retinal Stem Cell Biology

Tremendous progress has been made in recent years to generate retinal cells from pluripotent cell sources. These advances provide hope for those suffering from blindness due to lost retinal cells. Understanding the intrinsic genetic network...

Changes of Retina Are Not Involved in the Genesis of Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Nonmotor symptoms include primarily visual hallucinations (VH). The aim of our study was to establish whether patients with PD and visual hallucinations (PDH+) have s...

Improved Immunohistochemistry of Mouse Eye Sections Using Davidson's Fixative and Melanin Bleaching

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) are fundamental molecular biology techniques to assess protein expression. However, the melanin present normally in the eye in the uveal tract (choroid, iris, and ciliary body) and the ...

Single Eye mRNA-Seq Reveals Normalisation of the Retinal Microglial Transcriptome Following Acute Inflammation

Background: Whether retinal microglia can maintain or restore immune homeostasis during and after inflammation is unclear. We performed single-eye mRNA-sequencing on microglia at different timepoints following a single inflammatory stimulus...

Loss of PRSS56 function leads to ocular angle defects and increased susceptibility to high intraocular pressure

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting up to 70 million people worldwide. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma. It is well established that inefficient aqueous humor (AqH) outflow resulting from s...

Maternal cardiovascular adaptation to twin pregnancy: a population-based prospective cohort study

Abstract Background In women with singleton pregnancies, maternal adaptation is considered a stress test for later life cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess maternal adaptation in women with twin pregnancies compared ...

Optical coherence tomography guided targeted non-viral optical delivery of opsin-encoding genes into the retina.