Development and Validation of Adolescent Educational Package Based on the Lived Experiences of Hopeful Adolescent Girls Aged 15–18 Years
1735-7462
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is one of the most vulnerable stages of development, and the level of hope is one of the protective and helpful factors during this period; the level of hope in adolescents, especially girls, is low, and since indigenous factors are involved, research is needed to improve it. Aims: The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a hope education package based on the lived experiences of hopeful adolescent girls aged 15–18 years in Tehran. Methods: This study employed an exploratory mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative). In the first (qualitative) phase, the study population comprised all female students aged 15 to 18 attending secondary schools in District 13 of Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year. Through purposive sampling and the use of Snyder’s Hope Scale, thirteen students with high levels of hope were selected. Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. In the second (quantitative) phase, to develop and finalize the intervention package, the Delphi method and purposive theoretical sampling were used among 10 experts in psychology, counseling, and education in Tehran. The content and face validity of the intervention package were assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The collected interviews were subjected to to extract codes related to the concept of hope. Results: The results obtained from the Delphi technique and expert opinions indicated that all sections of the hope education package scored above 0.62 on the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and above 0.79 on the Content Validity Index (CVI), demonstrating that the developed educational package has desirable validity. The results from the interviews with adolescent girls identified seven main themes: Values and Goals, Underlying Hopeful Thinking, Underlying Hopeful Behaviors, importance of effort, The Role of Spirituality, acceptance, and Examining the Dimensions of Problems and coping with them, all of which play a role in adolescent hope. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that this educational package possesses desirable content and face validity and can be used as an effective tool for enhancing hope among adolescent girls. This tool can be used in counseling and education for adolescent girls.