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The Relationship between Exercise and Salivary Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review
The Relationship between Exercise and Salivary Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review
Raphael Charchar Campos Alves
(Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)
Railson Oliveira Ferreira
(Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)
Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
(Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)
Yago Gecy de Souza Né
(Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)
Paulo Fernando Santos Mendes
(Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)
Guido Marañón-Vásquez
(Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil)
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
(Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil)
Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes
(School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB 11405 87, Canada)
Lucianne Cople Maia
(Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil)
Rafael Rodrigues Lima
(Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)
Journal: Antioxidants
•
• MDPI AG
• ISSN: 2076-3921
Abstract
Salivary content has been reported as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress assessments especially in context of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise and changes promoted in oxidative stress identified in saliva. Methods: Studies published up to May 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). Risk of bias evaluation were performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Results: A total of 473 references were identified and 22 considered eligible. In this case 14 studies reported increase of antioxidant parameters in saliva while eight studies demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation after exercise. Regarding nitrite levels, two studies showed higher levels after exercise. The quality of evidence was very low due to high heterogeneity, inconsistency and indirectness among studies according Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis. Conclusion: Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in saliva appears to be present after exercise, especially at moderate intensity. However, the wide variety of methods leads to divergent data. For precision in salivary assessments, new research with larger sample sizes and better participant matching are recommended.